Laravel 13 构建 AI 驱动应用实战

摘要

本文将通过一个完整的实战案例，演示如何使用 Laravel 13 构建 AI 驱动的智能客服系统。涵盖内容包括：

  • 项目架构设计
  • Laravel AI SDK 集成
  • 知识库与 RAG 实现
  • 多轮对话管理
  • 前端界面开发
  • 部署与优化

本文适合希望构建 AI 应用的 Laravel 开发者。

1. 项目概述

1.1 功能需求

  • 智能问答：基于知识库回答问题
  • 多轮对话：保持上下文记忆
  • 工具调用：查询订单、用户信息等
  • 实时响应：流式输出答案
  • 管理后台：知识库管理

1.2 技术栈

  • Laravel 13
  • Laravel AI SDK
  • PostgreSQL + pgvector
  • Livewire 4
  • Tailwind CSS 4

2. 项目初始化

2.1 创建项目

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composer create-project laravel/laravel ai-customer-service
cd ai-customer-service

2.2 安装依赖

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composer require laravel/ai
composer require livewire/livewire

2.3 配置环境

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# .env
AI_PROVIDER=openai
OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...

DB_CONNECTION=pgsql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=5432
DB_DATABASE=ai_customer_service
DB_USERNAME=postgres
DB_PASSWORD=secret

3. 数据库设计

3.1 知识库表

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<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

return new class extends Migration
{
    public function up(): void
    {
        DB::statement('CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector');
        
        Schema::create('knowledge_items', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('title');
            $table->text('content');
            $table->string('category');
            $table->vector('embedding', 1536);
            $table->timestamps();
        });
        
        DB::statement('CREATE INDEX knowledge_items_embedding_idx ON knowledge_items USING ivfflat (embedding vector_cosine_ops) WITH (lists = 100)');
    }
};

3.2 对话表

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Schema::create('conversations', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('user_id')->nullable();
    $table->string('session_id');
    $table->timestamps();
});

Schema::create('messages', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('conversation_id');
    $table->enum('role', ['user', 'assistant']);
    $table->text('content');
    $table->timestamps();
});

4. AI 代理实现

4.1 创建客服代理

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<?php

namespace App\Ai\Agents;

use Laravel\Ai\Agent;
use Laravel\Ai\Tools\SimilaritySearch;

class CustomerServiceAgent extends Agent
{
    protected string $name = 'Customer Service Assistant';
    
    protected string $instructions = <<<INSTRUCTIONS
    You are a helpful customer service assistant. Your role is to:
    - Answer questions based on the knowledge base
    - Help customers with their orders
    - Provide product information
    - Escalate complex issues to human agents
    
    Guidelines:
    - Be friendly and professional
    - Use the knowledge base for accurate information
    - If unsure, admit and offer to connect with a human agent
    INSTRUCTIONS;
    
    protected string $model = 'gpt-4';
    
    protected int $maxTokens = 1000;
    
    public function tools(): array
    {
        return [
            SimilaritySearch::make()
                ->table('knowledge_items')
                ->embeddingColumn('embedding')
                ->contentColumn('content')
                ->description('Search knowledge base for relevant information'),
        ];
    }
}

4.2 工具定义

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<?php

namespace App\Ai\Tools;

use Laravel\Ai\Tool;
use App\Models\Order;

class GetOrderInfo extends Tool
{
    public function name(): string
    {
        return 'get_order_info';
    }
    
    public function description(): string
    {
        return 'Get order information by order number';
    }
    
    public function parameters(): array
    {
        return [
            'order_number' => [
                'type' => 'string',
                'description' => 'Order number',
                'required' => true,
            ],
        ];
    }
    
    public function execute(array $arguments): array
    {
        $order = Order::where('order_number', $arguments['order_number'])->first();
        
        if (!$order) {
            return ['error' => 'Order not found'];
        }
        
        return [
            'order_number' => $order->order_number,
            'status' => $order->status,
            'total' => $order->total,
            'items' => $order->items->map(fn($item) => [
                'name' => $item->product_name,
                'quantity' => $item->quantity,
                'price' => $item->price,
            ]),
        ];
    }
}

5. 控制器实现

5.1 对话控制器

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<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Ai\Agents\CustomerServiceAgent;
use App\Models\Conversation;
use App\Models\Message;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class ChatController extends Controller
{
    public function chat(Request $request)
    {
        $validated = $request->validate([
            'message' => 'required|string',
            'session_id' => 'required|string',
        ]);
        
        $conversation = Conversation::firstOrCreate(
            ['session_id' => $validated['session_id']],
            ['user_id' => auth()->id()]
        );
        
        $conversation->messages()->create([
            'role' => 'user',
            'content' => $validated['message'],
        ]);
        
        $history = $conversation->messages()
            ->latest()
            ->take(10)
            ->get()
            ->reverse()
            ->map(fn($m) => [
                'role' => $m->role,
                'content' => $m->content,
            ])
            ->toArray();
        
        $response = CustomerServiceAgent::make()
            ->withHistory($history)
            ->prompt($validated['message']);
        
        $conversation->messages()->create([
            'role' => 'assistant',
            'content' => (string) $response,
        ]);
        
        return response()->json([
            'message' => (string) $response,
            'tool_calls' => $response->toolCalls(),
        ]);
    }
    
    public function stream(Request $request)
    {
        $validated = $request->validate([
            'message' => 'required|string',
            'session_id' => 'required|string',
        ]);
        
        return response()->stream(function () use ($validated) {
            foreach (CustomerServiceAgent::make()->stream($validated['message']) as $chunk) {
                echo json_encode(['chunk' => $chunk]) . "\n";
                flush();
            }
        });
    }
}

6. Livewire 组件

6.1 聊天组件

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<?php

namespace App\Http\Livewire;

use Livewire\Component;
use App\Ai\Agents\CustomerServiceAgent;
use App\Models\Conversation;
use App\Models\Message;

class ChatAssistant extends Component
{
    public string $message = '';
    public array $messages = [];
    public string $sessionId;
    public bool $typing = false;
    
    public function mount()
    {
        $this->sessionId = session()->getId();
        $this->loadMessages();
    }
    
    public function loadMessages()
    {
        $conversation = Conversation::where('session_id', $this->sessionId)->first();
        
        if ($conversation) {
            $this->messages = $conversation->messages()
                ->orderBy('created_at')
                ->get()
                ->map(fn($m) => [
                    'role' => $m->role,
                    'content' => $m->content,
                ])
                ->toArray();
        }
    }
    
    public function send()
    {
        if (empty($this->message)) {
            return;
        }
        
        $this->messages[] = [
            'role' => 'user',
            'content' => $this->message,
        ];
        
        $userMessage = $this->message;
        $this->message = '';
        $this->typing = true;
        
        $this->stream('messages', function () use ($userMessage) {
            $response = '';
            
            foreach (CustomerServiceAgent::make()->stream($userMessage) as $chunk) {
                $response .= $chunk;
                yield array_merge($this->messages, [
                    ['role' => 'assistant', 'content' => $response],
                ]);
            }
            
            $this->saveConversation($userMessage, $response);
        });
        
        $this->typing = false;
    }
    
    private function saveConversation(string $userMessage, string $assistantMessage)
    {
        $conversation = Conversation::firstOrCreate(
            ['session_id' => $this->sessionId]
        );
        
        $conversation->messages()->createMany([
            ['role' => 'user', 'content' => $userMessage],
            ['role' => 'assistant', 'content' => $assistantMessage],
        ]);
    }
    
    public function render()
    {
        return view('livewire.chat-assistant');
    }
}

6.2 视图模板

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<div class="chat-container h-screen flex flex-col bg-gray-50">
    <div class="header bg-blue-600 text-white p-4">
        <h1 class="text-xl font-bold">Customer Service</h1>
    </div>
    
    <div class="messages flex-1 overflow-y-auto p-4 space-y-4">
        @foreach($messages as $msg)
            <div class="flex {{ $msg['role'] === 'user' ? 'justify-end' : 'justify-start' }}">
                <div class="max-w-md p-3 rounded-lg {{ $msg['role'] === 'user' ? 'bg-blue-600 text-white' : 'bg-white shadow' }}">
                    {{ $msg['content'] }}
                </div>
            </div>
        @endforeach
        
        @if($typing)
            <div class="flex justify-start">
                <div class="bg-white shadow p-3 rounded-lg">
                    <span class="animate-pulse">Typing...</span>
                </div>
            </div>
        @endif
    </div>
    
    <div class="input-area p-4 bg-white border-t">
        <form wire:submit.prevent="send" class="flex gap-2">
            <input 
                type="text" 
                wire:model="message"
                placeholder="Type your message..."
                class="flex-1 border rounded-lg px-4 py-2 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
                {{ $typing ? 'disabled' : '' }}
            >
            <button 
                type="submit"
                class="bg-blue-600 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-blue-700 disabled:opacity-50"
                {{ $typing ? 'disabled' : '' }}
            >
                Send
            </button>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>

7. 知识库管理

7.1 知识库模型

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<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Laravel\Ai\Embeddings;

class KnowledgeItem extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['title', 'content', 'category', 'embedding'];
    
    protected $casts = [
        'embedding' => 'vector',
    ];
    
    protected static function booted(): void
    {
        static::creating(function (self $item) {
            if (empty($item->embedding)) {
                $item->embedding = Embeddings::from($item->content)->generate()->vector;
            }
        });
        
        static::updating(function (self $item) {
            if ($item->isDirty('content')) {
                $item->embedding = Embeddings::from($item->content)->generate()->vector;
            }
        });
    }
}

7.2 知识库导入

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<?php

namespace App\Services;

use App\Models\KnowledgeItem;
use Laravel\Ai\Embeddings;

class KnowledgeImportService
{
    public function import(array $items): void
    {
        $texts = array_column($items, 'content');
        $embeddings = Embeddings::batch($texts)->generate();
        
        foreach ($items as $index => $item) {
            KnowledgeItem::create([
                'title' => $item['title'],
                'content' => $item['content'],
                'category' => $item['category'] ?? 'general',
                'embedding' => $embeddings[$index]->vector,
            ]);
        }
    }
}

8. 部署配置

8.1 队列配置

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// config/queue.php
'connections' => [
    'redis' => [
        'driver' => 'redis',
        'connection' => 'default',
        'queue' => env('REDIS_QUEUE', 'default'),
        'retry_after' => 90,
        'block_for' => null,
    ],
],

8.2 Horizon 配置

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composer require laravel/horizon
php artisan horizon:install

8.3 监控配置

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// config/horizon.php
'environments' => [
    'production' => [
        'supervisor-1' => [
            'maxProcesses' => 10,
            'balanceMaxShift' => 1,
            'balanceCooldown' => 3,
        ],
    ],
],

9. 总结

通过本实战案例，我们构建了一个完整的 AI 驱动智能客服系统：

  1. Laravel AI SDK：简化 AI 功能集成
  2. pgvector：高效的向量搜索
  3. RAG：基于知识库的智能问答
  4. Livewire：实时流式响应
  5. 队列：异步任务处理

这个项目展示了 Laravel 13 在 AI 应用开发中的强大能力。

参考资料