Laravel 13 提供了强大的邮件模板系统，本文介绍如何创建和管理专业的邮件模板。

邮件模板配置

邮件配置

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
<?php

return [
    'default' => env('MAIL_MAILER', 'smtp'),
    
    'mailers' => [
        'smtp' => [
            'transport' => 'smtp',
            'host' => env('MAIL_HOST', 'smtp.mailgun.org'),
            'port' => env('MAIL_PORT', 587),
            'encryption' => env('MAIL_ENCRYPTION', 'tls'),
            'username' => env('MAIL_USERNAME'),
            'password' => env('MAIL_PASSWORD'),
            'timeout' => null,
            'local_domain' => env('MAIL_EHLO_DOMAIN'),
        ],
        
        'ses' => [
            'transport' => 'ses',
        ],
        
        'postmark' => [
            'transport' => 'postmark',
        ],
        
        'sendmail' => [
            'transport' => 'sendmail',
            'path' => env('MAIL_SENDMAIL_PATH', '/usr/sbin/sendmail -bs -i'),
        ],
        
        'log' => [
            'transport' => 'log',
            'channel' => env('MAIL_LOG_CHANNEL'),
        ],
        
        'array' => [
            'transport' => 'array',
        ],
    ],
    
    'from' => [
        'address' => env('MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS', 'hello@example.com'),
        'name' => env('MAIL_FROM_NAME', 'Example'),
    ],
];

邮件模板系统

基础邮件模板

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
<?php

namespace App\Mail;

use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailable;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Content;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Envelope;
use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;

abstract class BaseMailable extends Mailable
{
    use Queueable, SerializesModels;
    
    protected string $theme = 'default';
    protected array $previewText = [];
    
    public function envelope(): Envelope
    {
        return new Envelope(
            subject: $this->getSubject(),
            from: $this->getFrom(),
            replyTo: $this->getReplyTo(),
            tags: $this->getTags(),
            metadata: $this->getMetadata(),
        );
    }
    
    protected function getSubject(): string
    {
        return '';
    }
    
    protected function getFrom(): array
    {
        return [
            'address' => config('mail.from.address'),
            'name' => config('mail.from.name'),
        ];
    }
    
    protected function getReplyTo(): array
    {
        return [];
    }
    
    protected function getTags(): array
    {
        return [];
    }
    
    protected function getMetadata(): array
    {
        return [];
    }
    
    public function content(): Content
    {
        return new Content(
            view: $this->getView(),
            with: array_merge($this->getViewData(), [
                'theme' => $this->theme,
                'previewText' => $this->previewText,
            ]),
        );
    }
    
    abstract protected function getView(): string;
    
    protected function getViewData(): array
    {
        return [];
    }
}

欢迎邮件

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
<?php

namespace App\Mail\Auth;

use App\Mail\BaseMailable;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Content;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Envelope;

class WelcomeEmail extends BaseMailable
{
    protected string $theme = 'welcome';
    
    public function __construct(
        protected User $user
    ) {}
    
    protected function getSubject(): string
    {
        return "Welcome to " . config('app.name') . "!";
    }
    
    protected function getTags(): array
    {
        return ['welcome', 'auth'];
    }
    
    protected function getMetadata(): array
    {
        return [
            'user_id' => $this->user->id,
        ];
    }
    
    protected function getView(): string
    {
        return 'emails.auth.welcome';
    }
    
    protected function getViewData(): array
    {
        return [
            'user' => $this->user,
            'loginUrl' => route('login'),
            'dashboardUrl' => route('dashboard'),
            'supportEmail' => config('mail.support.address'),
        ];
    }
}

订单确认邮件

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
<?php

namespace App\Mail\Orders;

use App\Mail\BaseMailable;
use App\Models\Order;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Attachment;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Content;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Envelope;

class OrderConfirmationEmail extends BaseMailable
{
    protected string $theme = 'order';
    
    public function __construct(
        protected Order $order
    ) {}
    
    protected function getSubject(): string
    {
        return "Order Confirmation #{$this->order->order_number}";
    }
    
    protected function getTags(): array
    {
        return ['order', 'confirmation'];
    }
    
    protected function getMetadata(): array
    {
        return [
            'order_id' => $this->order->id,
            'order_number' => $this->order->order_number,
        ];
    }
    
    protected function getView(): string
    {
        return 'emails.orders.confirmation';
    }
    
    protected function getViewData(): array
    {
        return [
            'order' => $this->order,
            'items' => $this->order->items,
            'shipping' => $this->order->shippingAddress,
            'billing' => $this->order->billingAddress,
            'trackingUrl' => $this->order->tracking_url ?? null,
        ];
    }
    
    public function attachments(): array
    {
        $attachments = [];
        
        if ($this->order->invoice_path) {
            $attachments[] = Attachment::fromStorage($this->order->invoice_path)
                ->as("invoice-{$this->order->order_number}.pdf")
                ->withMime('application/pdf');
        }
        
        return $attachments;
    }
}

邮件模板视图

布局模板

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
<!-- resources/views/emails/layouts/default.blade.php -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <title>{{ $subject ?? '' }}</title>
    <style>
        body {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            background-color: #f4f4f4;
            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
        }
        .email-container {
            max-width: 600px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            background-color: #ffffff;
        }
        .email-header {
            background-color: #4f46e5;
            padding: 30px;
            text-align: center;
        }
        .email-header h1 {
            color: #ffffff;
            margin: 0;
            font-size: 24px;
        }
        .email-body {
            padding: 40px 30px;
        }
        .email-footer {
            background-color: #f9fafb;
            padding: 30px;
            text-align: center;
            color: #6b7280;
            font-size: 14px;
        }
        .button {
            display: inline-block;
            padding: 12px 24px;
            background-color: #4f46e5;
            color: #ffffff;
            text-decoration: none;
            border-radius: 6px;
            font-weight: 600;
        }
        .button:hover {
            background-color: #4338ca;
        }
        .divider {
            border-top: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
            margin: 20px 0;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="email-container">
        <div class="email-header">
            <h1>{{ config('app.name') }}</h1>
        </div>
        
        <div class="email-body">
            @if(!empty($previewText))
                <div style="display: none; max-height: 0; overflow: hidden;">
                    @foreach($previewText as $text)
                        {{ $text }}
                    @endforeach
                </div>
            @endif
            
            @yield('content')
        </div>
        
        <div class="email-footer">
            <p>
                &copy; {{ date('Y') }} {{ config('app.name') }}. All rights reserved.
            </p>
            <p>
                <a href="{{ route('privacy') }}">Privacy Policy</a> |
                <a href="{{ route('terms') }}">Terms of Service</a>
            </p>
            <p>
                If you no longer wish to receive these emails, you can 
                <a href="{{ route('unsubscribe', ['token' => $unsubscribeToken ?? '']) }}">unsubscribe</a>.
            </p>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

欢迎邮件模板

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
<!-- resources/views/emails/auth/welcome.blade.php -->
@extends('emails.layouts.default')

@section('content')
    <h2 style="margin: 0 0 20px; color: #111827; font-size: 22px;">
        Welcome, {{ $user->name }}!
    </h2>
    
    <p style="margin: 0 0 20px; color: #4b5563; line-height: 1.6;">
        Thank you for joining {{ config('app.name') }}. We're excited to have you on board!
    </p>
    
    <p style="margin: 0 0 30px; color: #4b5563; line-height: 1.6;">
        Here are some quick links to help you get started:
    </p>
    
    <div style="margin: 0 0 30px;">
        <a href="{{ $dashboardUrl }}" class="button">
            Go to Dashboard
        </a>
    </div>
    
    <div class="divider"></div>
    
    <h3 style="margin: 20px 0 10px; color: #111827; font-size: 18px;">
        What's Next?
    </h3>
    
    <ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; color: #4b5563;">
        <li style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Complete your profile</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Explore our features</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Connect with others</li>
    </ul>
    
    <div class="divider"></div>
    
    <p style="margin: 20px 0 0; color: #6b7280; font-size: 14px;">
        If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to us at 
        <a href="mailto:{{ $supportEmail }}">{{ $supportEmail }}</a>.
    </p>
@endsection

订单确认邮件模板

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
<!-- resources/views/emails/orders/confirmation.blade.php -->
@extends('emails.layouts.default')

@section('content')
    <h2 style="margin: 0 0 10px; color: #111827; font-size: 22px;">
        Order Confirmed!
    </h2>
    
    <p style="margin: 0 0 20px; color: #4b5563;">
        Order #{{ $order->order_number }} • {{ $order->created_at->format('F j, Y') }}
    </p>
    
    <div style="background-color: #f9fafb; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 20px;">
        <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;">
            <thead>
                <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;">
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 0; color: #6b7280; font-weight: 500;">Item</th>
                    <th style="text-align: center; padding: 10px 0; color: #6b7280; font-weight: 500;">Qty</th>
                    <th style="text-align: right; padding: 10px 0; color: #6b7280; font-weight: 500;">Price</th>
                </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
                @foreach($items as $item)
                    <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;">
                        <td style="padding: 15px 0;">
                            <strong style="color: #111827;">{{ $item->name }}</strong>
                            @if($item->variant)
                                <br><span style="color: #6b7280; font-size: 14px;">{{ $item->variant }}</span>
                            @endif
                        </td>
                        <td style="text-align: center; padding: 15px 0; color: #4b5563;">
                            {{ $item->quantity }}
                        </td>
                        <td style="text-align: right; padding: 15px 0; color: #111827;">
                            ${{ number_format($item->total, 2) }}
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                @endforeach
            </tbody>
            <tfoot>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right; padding: 15px 0; color: #6b7280;">Subtotal:</td>
                    <td style="text-align: right; padding: 15px 0; color: #111827;">${{ number_format($order->subtotal, 2) }}</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right; padding: 5px 0; color: #6b7280;">Shipping:</td>
                    <td style="text-align: right; padding: 5px 0; color: #111827;">${{ number_format($order->shipping, 2) }}</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right; padding: 15px 0; color: #111827; font-weight: 600;">Total:</td>
                    <td style="text-align: right; padding: 15px 0; color: #111827; font-weight: 600;">${{ number_format($order->total, 2) }}</td>
                </tr>
            </tfoot>
        </table>
    </div>
    
    <div style="display: flex; gap: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;">
        <div style="flex: 1;">
            <h4 style="margin: 0 0 10px; color: #111827; font-size: 14px;">Shipping Address</h4>
            <p style="margin: 0; color: #6b7280; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6;">
                {{ $shipping->name }}<br>
                {{ $shipping->address_line_1 }}<br>
                @if($shipping->address_line_2)
                    {{ $shipping->address_line_2 }}<br>
                @endif
                {{ $shipping->city }}, {{ $shipping->state }} {{ $shipping->zip }}
            </p>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    @if($trackingUrl)
        <div style="margin: 30px 0;">
            <a href="{{ $trackingUrl }}" class="button">
                Track Your Order
            </a>
        </div>
    @endif
    
    <p style="margin: 20px 0 0; color: #6b7280; font-size: 14px;">
        If you have any questions about your order, please contact our support team.
    </p>
@endsection

邮件模板组件

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
<?php

namespace App\Services\Mail;

class EmailComponent
{
    public static function button(string $text, string $url, string $color = '#4f46e5'): string
    {
        return <<<HTML
            <a href="{$url}" style="display: inline-block; padding: 12px 24px; background-color: {$color}; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 600;">
                {$text}
            </a>
HTML;
    }
    
    public static function divider(): string
    {
        return '<div style="border-top: 1px solid #e5e7eb; margin: 20px 0;"></div>';
    }
    
    public static function spacer(int $height = 20): string
    {
        return "<div style=\"height: {$height}px;\"></div>";
    }
    
    public static function alert(string $message, string $type = 'info'): string
    {
        $colors = [
            'info' => '#3b82f6',
            'success' => '#10b981',
            'warning' => '#f59e0b',
            'error' => '#ef4444',
        ];
        
        $color = $colors[$type] ?? $colors['info'];
        
        return <<<HTML
            <div style="padding: 16px; background-color: {$color}15; border-left: 4px solid {$color}; margin: 20px 0;">
                <p style="margin: 0; color: {$color};">{$message}</p>
            </div>
HTML;
    }
    
    public static function table(array $headers, array $rows): string
    {
        $html = '<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;">';
        
        $html .= '<thead><tr>';
        foreach ($headers as $header) {
            $html .= "<th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid #e5e7eb; color: #6b7280;\">{$header}</th>";
        }
        $html .= '</tr></thead>';
        
        $html .= '<tbody>';
        foreach ($rows as $row) {
            $html .= '<tr>';
            foreach ($row as $cell) {
                $html .= "<td style=\"padding: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;\">{$cell}</td>";
            }
            $html .= '</tr>';
        }
        $html .= '</tbody></table>';
        
        return $html;
    }
}

邮件预览

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Mail\Auth\WelcomeEmail;
use App\Mail\Orders\OrderConfirmationEmail;
use App\Models\Order;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class MailPreviewController extends Controller
{
    public function welcome()
    {
        $user = User::first() ?? new User([
            'name' => 'John Doe',
            'email' => 'john@example.com',
        ]);
        
        return (new WelcomeEmail($user))->render();
    }
    
    public function orderConfirmation()
    {
        $order = Order::first();
        
        if (!$order) {
            return 'No orders found for preview';
        }
        
        return (new OrderConfirmationEmail($order))->render();
    }
}

邮件模板命令

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
<?php

namespace App\Console\Commands;

use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\File;

class MakeMailTemplateCommand extends Command
{
    protected $signature = 'make:mail-template {name} {--layout=default}';
    protected $description = 'Create a new email template';
    
    public function handle(): int
    {
        $name = $this->argument('name');
        $layout = $this->option('layout');
        
        $path = resource_path("views/emails/{$name}.blade.php");
        
        if (File::exists($path)) {
            $this->error("Template {$name} already exists!");
            return self::FAILURE;
        }
        
        $content = $this->getTemplateContent($layout);
        
        File::ensureDirectoryExists(dirname($path));
        File::put($path, $content);
        
        $this->info("Email template created: {$path}");
        
        return self::SUCCESS;
    }
    
    protected function getTemplateContent(string $layout): string
    {
        return <<<BLADE
@extends('emails.layouts.{$layout}')

@section('content')
    <h2 style="margin: 0 0 20px; color: #111827; font-size: 22px;">
        Email Title
    </h2>
    
    <p style="margin: 0 0 20px; color: #4b5563; line-height: 1.6;">
        Email content goes here.
    </p>
@endsection
BLADE;
    }
}

总结

Laravel 13 的邮件模板系统提供了灵活的布局继承、组件复用和样式管理功能。通过合理的模板组织，可以创建专业、美观且易于维护的邮件模板。