Laravel 13 推送通知指南

Laravel 13 提供了强大的推送通知系统，本文介绍如何集成和实现多平台推送通知。

推送通知概述

通知配置

<?php

return [
    'default' => env('NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL', 'database'),
    
    'channels' => [
        'database' => [
            'driver' => 'database',
            'table' => 'notifications',
        ],
        
        'fcm' => [
            'driver' => 'fcm',
            'project_id' => env('FCM_PROJECT_ID'),
            'credentials' => storage_path('app/firebase-credentials.json'),
        ],
        
        'apns' => [
            'driver' => 'apns',
            'certificate' => storage_path('app/aps.pem'),
            'passphrase' => env('APNS_PASSPHRASE'),
            'environment' => env('APNS_ENVIRONMENT', 'production'),
        ],
        
        'webpush' => [
            'driver' => 'webpush',
            'vapid' => [
                'subject' => env('VAPID_SUBJECT'),
                'public_key' => env('VAPID_PUBLIC_KEY'),
                'private_key' => env('VAPID_PRIVATE_KEY'),
            ],
        ],
    ],
];

设备令牌管理

设备令牌模型

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class DeviceToken extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = [
        'user_id',
        'token',
        'platform',
        'device_name',
        'device_id',
        'is_active',
        'last_used_at',
    ];
    
    protected $casts = [
        'is_active' => 'boolean',
        'last_used_at' => 'datetime',
    ];
    
    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
    
    public function scopeActive($query)
    {
        return $query->where('is_active', true);
    }
    
    public function scopeForPlatform($query, string $platform)
    {
        return $query->where('platform', $platform);
    }
    
    public function markAsUsed(): void
    {
        $this->update(['last_used_at' => now()]);
    }
    
    public function deactivate(): void
    {
        $this->update(['is_active' => false]);
    }
}

设备令牌服务

<?php

namespace App\Services\Notifications;

use App\Models\DeviceToken;
use App\Models\User;

class DeviceTokenService
{
    public function register(User $user, string $token, string $platform, array $deviceInfo = []): DeviceToken
    {
        $existingToken = DeviceToken::where('token', $token)->first();
        
        if ($existingToken) {
            if ($existingToken->user_id !== $user->id) {
                $existingToken->update([
                    'user_id' => $user->id,
                    'is_active' => true,
                ]);
            }
            
            return $existingToken;
        }
        
        return DeviceToken::create([
            'user_id' => $user->id,
            'token' => $token,
            'platform' => $platform,
            'device_name' => $deviceInfo['name'] ?? null,
            'device_id' => $deviceInfo['id'] ?? null,
            'is_active' => true,
        ]);
    }
    
    public function unregister(string $token): bool
    {
        return DeviceToken::where('token', $token)->delete() > 0;
    }
    
    public function deactivateUserTokens(User $user, string $platform = null): int
    {
        $query = DeviceToken::where('user_id', $user->id);
        
        if ($platform) {
            $query->where('platform', $platform);
        }
        
        return $query->update(['is_active' => false]);
    }
    
    public function getUserTokens(User $user, string $platform = null): array
    {
        $query = DeviceToken::where('user_id', $user->id)->active();
        
        if ($platform) {
            $query->where('platform', $platform);
        }
        
        return $query->pluck('token')->toArray();
    }
    
    public function cleanupInactive(int $daysInactive = 90): int
    {
        return DeviceToken::where('last_used_at', '<', now()->subDays($daysInactive))
            ->orWhere('is_active', false)
            ->delete();
    }
}

FCM 推送

FCM 服务

<?php

namespace App\Services\Notifications;

use Google\Client as GoogleClient;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;

class FCMService
{
    protected string $projectId;
    protected string $accessToken;
    
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->projectId = config('services.fcm.project_id');
        $this->accessToken = $this->getAccessToken();
    }
    
    public function send(string $token, array $notification, array $data = []): array
    {
        $message = [
            'message' => [
                'token' => $token,
                'notification' => $notification,
                'data' => $this->formatData($data),
                'android' => [
                    'notification' => [
                        'click_action' => 'FLUTTER_NOTIFICATION_CLICK',
                        'sound' => 'default',
                    ],
                ],
                'apns' => [
                    'payload' => [
                        'aps' => [
                            'sound' => 'default',
                            'badge' => 1,
                        ],
                    ],
                ],
            ],
        ];
        
        $response = Http::withToken($this->accessToken)
            ->post("https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{$this->projectId}/messages:send", $message);
        
        return $response->json();
    }
    
    public function sendMultiple(array $tokens, array $notification, array $data = []): array
    {
        $results = [];
        
        foreach (array_chunk($tokens, 500) as $chunk) {
            $message = [
                'message' => [
                    'notification' => $notification,
                    'data' => $this->formatData($data),
                ],
            ];
            
            foreach ($chunk as $token) {
                $message['message']['token'] = $token;
                $results[] = $this->send($token, $notification, $data);
            }
        }
        
        return $results;
    }
    
    public function sendToTopic(string $topic, array $notification, array $data = []): array
    {
        $message = [
            'message' => [
                'topic' => $topic,
                'notification' => $notification,
                'data' => $this->formatData($data),
            ],
        ];
        
        $response = Http::withToken($this->accessToken)
            ->post("https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/{$this->projectId}/messages:send", $message);
        
        return $response->json();
    }
    
    public function subscribeToTopic(string $topic, array $tokens): array
    {
        $response = Http::withToken($this->accessToken)
            ->post("https://iid.googleapis.com/iid/v1:batchAdd", [
                'to' => "/topics/{$topic}",
                'registration_tokens' => $tokens,
            ]);
        
        return $response->json();
    }
    
    protected function getAccessToken(): string
    {
        $client = new GoogleClient();
        $client->setAuthConfig(config('services.fcm.credentials'));
        $client->addScope('https://www.googleapis.com/auth/firebase.messaging');
        
        return $client->fetchAccessTokenWithAssertion()['access_token'];
    }
    
    protected function formatData(array $data): array
    {
        return array_map('strval', $data);
    }
}

APNS 推送

APNS 服务

<?php

namespace App\Services\Notifications;

class APNSService
{
    protected string $certificate;
    protected string $passphrase;
    protected bool $sandbox;
    
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->certificate = config('services.apns.certificate');
        $this->passphrase = config('services.apns.passphrase', '');
        $this->sandbox = config('services.apns.environment') === 'sandbox';
    }
    
    public function send(string $token, array $payload, array $options = []): bool
    {
        $url = $this->getUrl($token);
        
        $body = [
            'aps' => [
                'alert' => [
                    'title' => $payload['title'],
                    'body' => $payload['body'],
                ],
                'sound' => $options['sound'] ?? 'default',
                'badge' => $options['badge'] ?? 1,
            ],
        ];
        
        if (!empty($payload['data'])) {
            $body['data'] = $payload['data'];
        }
        
        $json = json_encode($body);
        
        $headers = [
            'Content-Type: application/json',
            'apns-topic: ' . config('services.apns.bundle_id'),
            'apns-priority: ' . ($options['priority'] ?? 10),
        ];
        
        $ch = curl_init();
        curl_setopt_array($ch, [
            CURLOPT_URL => $url,
            CURLOPT_POST => true,
            CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => $json,
            CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $headers,
            CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
            CURLOPT_SSLCERT => $this->certificate,
            CURLOPT_SSLCERTPASSWD => $this->passphrase,
        ]);
        
        $result = curl_exec($ch);
        $httpCode = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
        curl_close($ch);
        
        return $httpCode === 200;
    }
    
    public function sendMultiple(array $tokens, array $payload, array $options = []): array
    {
        $results = [];
        
        foreach ($tokens as $token) {
            $results[$token] = $this->send($token, $payload, $options);
        }
        
        return $results;
    }
    
    protected function getUrl(string $token): string
    {
        $host = $this->sandbox 
            ? 'api.development.push.apple.com' 
            : 'api.push.apple.com';
        
        return "https://{$host}/3/device/{$token}";
    }
}

Web Push

Web Push 服务

<?php

namespace App\Services\Notifications;

use Minishlink\WebPush\WebPush;
use Minishlink\WebPush\Subscription;

class WebPushService
{
    protected WebPush $webPush;
    
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->webPush = new WebPush([
            'VAPID' => [
                'subject' => config('services.webpush.subject'),
                'publicKey' => config('services.webpush.public_key'),
                'privateKey' => config('services.webpush.private_key'),
            ],
        ]);
    }
    
    public function send(string $endpoint, string $publicKey, string $authToken, array $payload): bool
    {
        $subscription = Subscription::create([
            'endpoint' => $endpoint,
            'publicKey' => $publicKey,
            'authToken' => $authToken,
        ]);
        
        $result = $this->webPush->sendOneNotification(
            $subscription,
            json_encode($payload)
        );
        
        return $result->isSuccess();
    }
    
    public function sendMultiple(array $subscriptions, array $payload): array
    {
        $results = [];
        
        foreach ($subscriptions as $subscription) {
            $sub = Subscription::create($subscription);
            
            $this->webPush->queueNotification($sub, json_encode($payload));
        }
        
        foreach ($this->webPush->flush() as $report) {
            $results[] = [
                'endpoint' => $report->getEndpoint(),
                'success' => $report->isSuccess(),
                'expired' => $report->isSubscriptionExpired(),
            ];
        }
        
        return $results;
    }
    
    public function getPublicKey(): string
    {
        return config('services.webpush.public_key');
    }
}

通知类

推送通知类

<?php

namespace App\Notifications;

use App\Services\Notifications\FCMService;
use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notification;

class PushNotification extends Notification
{
    use Queueable;
    
    public function __construct(
        protected string $title,
        protected string $body,
        protected array $data = []
    ) {}
    
    public function via($notifiable): array
    {
        return ['fcm'];
    }
    
    public function toFcm($notifiable): array
    {
        return [
            'notification' => [
                'title' => $this->title,
                'body' => $this->body,
            ],
            'data' => $this->data,
        ];
    }
    
    public function toArray($notifiable): array
    {
        return [
            'title' => $this->title,
            'body' => $this->body,
            'data' => $this->data,
        ];
    }
}

class OrderShippedNotification extends Notification
{
    use Queueable;
    
    public function __construct(
        protected Order $order
    ) {}
    
    public function via($notifiable): array
    {
        return ['database', 'fcm'];
    }
    
    public function toFcm($notifiable): array
    {
        return [
            'notification' => [
                'title' => 'Order Shipped!',
                'body' => "Your order #{$this->order->order_number} has been shipped.",
            ],
            'data' => [
                'type' => 'order_shipped',
                'order_id' => (string) $this->order->id,
                'order_number' => $this->order->order_number,
                'tracking_url' => $this->order->tracking_url ?? '',
            ],
        ];
    }
    
    public function toArray($notifiable): array
    {
        return [
            'order_id' => $this->order->id,
            'order_number' => $this->order->order_number,
            'tracking_url' => $this->order->tracking_url,
        ];
    }
}

通知服务

<?php

namespace App\Services\Notifications;

use App\Models\User;
use App\Notifications\PushNotification;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Notification;

class NotificationService
{
    protected FCMService $fcm;
    protected DeviceTokenService $deviceTokens;
    
    public function __construct(FCMService $fcm, DeviceTokenService $deviceTokens)
    {
        $this->fcm = $fcm;
        $this->deviceTokens = $deviceTokens;
    }
    
    public function sendToUser(User $user, string $title, string $body, array $data = []): array
    {
        $tokens = $this->deviceTokens->getUserTokens($user);
        
        if (empty($tokens)) {
            return ['sent' => 0, 'failed' => 0];
        }
        
        $user->notify(new PushNotification($title, $body, $data));
        
        return $this->fcm->sendMultiple($tokens, [
            'title' => $title,
            'body' => $body,
        ], $data);
    }
    
    public function sendToUsers(array $userIds, string $title, string $body, array $data = []): array
    {
        $users = User::whereIn('id', $userIds)->get();
        
        Notification::send($users, new PushNotification($title, $body, $data));
        
        return ['sent' => count($users)];
    }
    
    public function sendToTopic(string $topic, string $title, string $body, array $data = []): array
    {
        return $this->fcm->sendToTopic($topic, [
            'title' => $title,
            'body' => $body,
        ], $data);
    }
    
    public function broadcast(string $title, string $body, array $data = []): array
    {
        return $this->sendToTopic('all', $title, $body, $data);
    }
}

推送通知控制器

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Services\Notifications\DeviceTokenService;
use App\Services\Notifications\NotificationService;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class NotificationController extends Controller
{
    public function __construct(
        protected DeviceTokenService $deviceTokens,
        protected NotificationService $notifications
    ) {}
    
    public function registerToken(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'token' => 'required|string',
            'platform' => 'required|in:ios,android,web',
            'device_name' => 'nullable|string',
            'device_id' => 'nullable|string',
        ]);
        
        $token = $this->deviceTokens->register(
            $request->user(),
            $request->token,
            $request->platform,
            $request->only('device_name', 'device_id')
        );
        
        return response()->json([
            'message' => 'Token registered successfully',
            'token' => $token->token,
        ]);
    }
    
    public function unregisterToken(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'token' => 'required|string',
        ]);
        
        $this->deviceTokens->unregister($request->token);
        
        return response()->json([
            'message' => 'Token unregistered successfully',
        ]);
    }
    
    public function send(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,id',
            'title' => 'required|string|max:100',
            'body' => 'required|string|max:500',
            'data' => 'nullable|array',
        ]);
        
        $user = \App\Models\User::find($request->user_id);
        
        $result = $this->notifications->sendToUser(
            $user,
            $request->title,
            $request->body,
            $request->data ?? []
        );
        
        return response()->json($result);
    }
}

推送通知命令

<?php

namespace App\Console\Commands;

use App\Services\Notifications\DeviceTokenService;
use Illuminate\Console\Command;

class CleanupDeviceTokensCommand extends Command
{
    protected $signature = 'notifications:cleanup-tokens {--days=90 : Days of inactivity}';
    protected $description = 'Cleanup inactive device tokens';
    
    public function handle(DeviceTokenService $service): int
    {
        $days = (int) $this->option('days');
        
        $this->info("Cleaning up tokens inactive for {$days} days...");
        
        $count = $service->cleanupInactive($days);
        
        $this->info("Removed {$count} inactive tokens");
        
        return self::SUCCESS;
    }
}

总结

Laravel 13 的推送通知系统支持 FCM、APNS 和 Web Push 等多平台推送。通过统一的设备令牌管理和通知服务，可以实现跨平台的实时消息推送，提升用户参与度。