Laravel 13 验证新特性详解

摘要

Laravel 13 对验证系统进行了增强，提供了更灵活的验证规则和错误处理。本文将深入讲解 Laravel 13 的验证新特性，包括：

表单请求验证
自定义验证规则
条件验证
错误消息定制
实战案例与最佳实践

本文适合希望掌握 Laravel 13 验证新特性的开发者。

1. 表单请求验证

1.1 创建表单请求

1	php artisan make:request StorePostRequest

1.2 定义规则

<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;

class StorePostRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }
    
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'title' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
            'content' => ['required', 'string', 'min:100'],
            'status' => ['required', Rule::in(['draft', 'published'])],
            'category_id' => ['required', 'exists:categories,id'],
            'tags' => ['array'],
            'tags.*' => ['exists:tags,id'],
        ];
    }
}

1.3 自定义消息

public function messages(): array
{
    return [
        'title.required' => '标题不能为空',
        'content.min' => '内容至少需要 :min 个字符',
        'status.in' => '状态值无效',
    ];
}

1.4 属性名称

public function attributes(): array
{
    return [
        'title' => '标题',
        'content' => '内容',
        'status' => '状态',
    ];
}

2. 控制器验证

2.1 validate 方法

public function store(Request $request)
{
    $validated = $request->validate([
        'title' => 'required|string|max:255',
        'content' => 'required|string',
    ]);
    
    // 验证通过，使用 $validated
}

2.2 validateWithBag

public function store(Request $request)
{
    $validated = $request->validateWithBag('post', [
        'title' => 'required|string|max:255',
    ]);
}

3. 自定义验证规则

3.1 创建规则

1	php artisan make:rule Uppercase

3.2 规则实现

<?php

namespace App\Rules;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationRule;

class Uppercase implements ValidationRule
{
    public function validate(string $attribute, mixed $value, Closure $fail): void
    {
        if (strtoupper($value) !== $value) {
            $fail('The :attribute must be uppercase.');
        }
    }
}

3.3 使用规则

use App\Rules\Uppercase;

public function rules(): array
{
    return [
        'code' => ['required', new Uppercase],
    ];
}

3.4 闭包规则

public function rules(): array
{
    return [
        'code' => [
            'required',
            function ($attribute, $value, $fail) {
                if (strtoupper($value) !== $value) {
                    $fail('The :attribute must be uppercase.');
                }
            },
        ],
    ];
}

4. 条件验证

4.1 sometimes 方法

$validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [
    'title' => 'required|string|max:255',
]);

$validator->sometimes('content', 'required|string', function ($input) {
    return $input->status === 'published';
});

4.2 条件规则

public function rules(): array
{
    return [
        'password' => [
            'required',
            Rule::when($this->isMethod('POST'), ['confirmed']),
        ],
    ];
}

4.3 排除规则

public function rules(): array
{
    return [
        'role' => [
            Rule::prohibitedIf(fn() => !auth()->user()->isAdmin()),
        ],
    ];
}

5. 验证规则

5.1 常用规则

$rules = [
    'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
    'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
    'password' => 'required|string|min:8|confirmed',
    'age' => 'required|integer|min:18|max:120',
    'website' => 'nullable|url',
    'avatar' => 'nullable|image|max:1024',
    'date' => 'required|date|after:today',
    'file' => 'required|file|mimes:pdf,doc,docx|max:10240',
];

5.2 数组验证

$rules = [
    'tags' => 'array',
    'tags.*' => 'string|max:50',
    
    'users' => 'array',
    'users.*.name' => 'required|string',
    'users.*.email' => 'required|email',
];

5.3 文件验证

$rules = [
    'document' => 'required|file|max:10240|mimes:pdf,doc,docx',
    'image' => 'required|image|dimensions:min_width=100,min_height=200',
    'video' => 'required|mimetypes:video/mp4,video/quicktime',
];

6. 错误处理

6.1 获取错误

// 所有错误
$errors = $validator->errors();

// 字段错误
$error = $validator->errors()->first('email');

// 所有字段错误
$allErrors = $validator->errors()->get('email');

// 检查错误
if ($validator->errors()->has('email')) {
    // 有错误
}

6.2 JSON 响应

public function store(Request $request)
{
    $validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [
        'title' => 'required|string',
    ]);
    
    if ($validator->fails()) {
        return response()->json([
            'message' => 'Validation failed',
            'errors' => $validator->errors(),
        ], 422);
    }
}

7. 实战案例

7.1 复杂验证

<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
use App\Rules\StrongPassword;

class RegisterRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }
    
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
            'email' => [
                'required',
                'email',
                Rule::unique('users')->ignore($this->user?->id),
            ],
            'password' => ['required', 'string', 'confirmed', new StrongPassword],
            'terms' => ['required', 'accepted'],
            'newsletter' => ['boolean'],
        ];
    }
    
    public function messages(): array
    {
        return [
            'name.required' => '请输入您的姓名',
            'email.required' => '请输入邮箱地址',
            'email.email' => '请输入有效的邮箱地址',
            'email.unique' => '该邮箱已被注册',
            'password.required' => '请设置密码',
            'password.confirmed' => '两次密码输入不一致',
            'terms.accepted' => '请同意服务条款',
        ];
    }
    
    public function prepareForValidation(): void
    {
        $this->merge([
            'email' => strtolower($this->email),
        ]);
    }
}

8. 最佳实践

8.1 规则组织

// 推荐：数组格式
'title' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],

// 不推荐：字符串格式
'title' => 'required|string|max:255',

8.2 自定义消息

// 推荐：使用自定义消息
public function messages(): array
{
    return [
        'title.required' => '标题不能为空',
    ];
}

9. 总结

Laravel 13 的验证系统提供了强大的数据验证能力：

表单请求：封装验证逻辑
自定义规则：灵活的验证规则
条件验证：动态验证规则
错误处理：完善的错误消息

参考资料

Laravel 13 验证文档